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ssss1 Valley Lab Force Triad generator, which combines monopolar, bipolar, and vessel sealant technology. It features three touchscreen modules. Handpieces are automatically recognized when they are plugged in.

Source: From Huhn [3].

Bipolar vessel sealant devices have been used in several organ systems, including the reproductive tract, lung, liver, and other soft tissue structures [19–22]. There are numerous generators and handpieces available for use in open surgery and MIS (ssss1). Lateral thermal damage has been reported to occur between 1.5 and 6 mm from the coagulation site [13, 14, 23]. Bipolar vessel sealant technology has proven to be safe and effective for use in MIS with applications in numerous procedures, including reproductive surgery, adrenalectomy, splenectomy, nephrectomy, partial pancreatectomy, and pericardiectomy. The resulting blood vessel seals have been tested to withstand pressure well above physiologic systolic pressures [17,24–28]. Although peripheral lung biopsies have been successfully obtained in experimental studies [19], the variability of bronchus sealing makes this technique unreliable for larger biopsies [29, 30].