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ssss1 Valley Lab LigaSure generator with numerous bipolar handpieces for open and minimally invasive surgery. Some handpieces require foot‐pedal activation; others are handswitch activated.

Source: From Huhn [3].

ssss1 A variety of bipolar handpieces are available for open and MIS. A cordless ultrasonic device is also available for use in MIS.

Source: Courtesy of Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN.

Vessel sealant device handpieces are compatible with specific generators and vary in terms of shaft length, shaft diameter (3–12 mm), and function. Commonly used LigaSure (Covidien, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) handpieces in MIS include the Atlas, Maryland, and Dolphin Tip (ssss1). The Maryland and Dolphin Tip are finer and can be used for blunt dissection in addition to vessel sealing. The LigaSure Advance and LigaSure Retractable L‐hook handpieces combine a monopolar tip with vessel sealant technology. The Caiman (Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) handpieces are available in 5 and 12 mm diameters in both straight and articulating options (up to 80°). A finely curved Maryland tip is also available for tissue dissection. Enseal (Ethicon, Johnson&Johnson, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) is also available in a variety of curved, straight, and articulating handpieces. MarSeal (KLS Martin, Tuttlingen, Germany) is designed as a reusable vessel sealant device handpiece. Similar to the other single‐use vessel sealant devices, they offer curved and straight tipped handpieces. JustRight^TM from Bolder Surgical (Louisville, CO, USA) developed a 3 mm Vessel Sealer for use in human pediatrics, which seals vessels up to 5 mm in diameter and has a Maryland style tip for dissection.