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Figure 14.2D Silver tetradrachm of Antiochus IV (175–164 BCE), minted at Ptolemais, and using the Attic weight standard. The obverse carries the royal portrait, and the reverse has a standard Seleucid type: Apollo, seated on the Delphic omphalos, holding an arrow and testing

Figure 14.3A Copper-alloy coin of the Seleucid king Antiochus III (223–187 BCE), minted at Antioch. These small, low-value coins, with an obverse head of the god Apollo and a reverse type showing Apollo standing, holding an arrow and testing a bow against the ground, average about 12 mm in diameter and 2 g in weight. They were minted in huge quantities and

Figure 14.3B Silver tetradrachm with the portrait and titles of the Seleucid king Antiochus VII (138–129 BCE), minted at Tyre. This coin, with its characteristic reverse of an eagle standing on a ship’s ram, was issued on the standard employed by the Ptolemies, and used the same basic reverse type as the Ptolemaic coinage (see coin 14.2C).

Figure 14.3C Silver tetradrachm minted at Antioch following the Roman annexation, imitating a late Seleucid issue in the name of Philip Philadelphus (93–83 BCE). These coins continued to bear the portrait, name and titles of the Seleucid king; the only indication of the real authority is the small monogram in front of the seated figure of Zeus on the reverse, thought to read AY ΓΑΒ, an abbreviation in Greek of the name AU(lus) GAB(inius), the Roman governor of Syria, 57–54 BCE.