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Figure 14.5B Radiate of Maximianus (286–305 CE). The reverse shows the emperor receiving a figure of Victory from the god Jupiter, with the legend “to Jupiter the preserver of the emperor.” The mint for this coin is conventionally identified as the northern Phoenician city of Tripolis, based on the initials TR; but Tripolis was not a particularly prominent or important city, and TR might stand for Tyre instead.

Figure 14.5C Post-reform radiate of Constantius I, as Caesar (293–305 ce), minted at Antioch. The reverse type is identical to the preceding coin, but the accompanying inscription reads “with the agreement of the army.” At the bottom, the letters ANT identify the mint.

Figure 14.5D Copper-alloy coin of Nerva (96–98 CE), minted at Antioch, with the letters SC in a wreath. The coin does not refer to Antioch in any way, but all the evidence points to the bulk of the so-called SC coinage of the emperors being minted there.

Figure 14.5E Copper-alloy coin of Elagabalus (218–222 CE), minted at Antioch, with the letters SC in a wreath. Although there were later issues of SC coins, those of Elagabalus were the last to be struck in large quantities.