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Figure 14.3D Silver tetradrachm of Augustus (27 BCE–14 CE), minted at Antioch. The obverse bears the portrait of the emperor; the reverse has an image of the Tyche of Antioch seated on a rock and holding a palm branch, with a personification of the river Orontes as a youth swimming at her feet (see coins 14.36 and 14.39 for later examples of the same figurative group).

Figure 14.4A Silver tetradrachm of Nero (54–68 CE), minted at Antioch. Under Nero the tetradrachms of Antioch began to utilize the reverse type of an eagle, which had hitherto been employed by Phoenician mints, especially Tyre (see coins 14.2C and 14.3B).

Figure 14.4B Silver denarius of Septimius Severus (193–211 CE), minted in the Near East, probably at Antioch. The obverse has a portrait of the emperor; the reverse a winged figure of Victory with a victor’s wreath and palm branch.

Figure 14.4C Silver “radiate” or antoninianus of Philip I (244–249 CE), minted at Antioch. The reverse shows a figure of Pax (Peace) with the legend PAX FVNDATA CVM PERSIS, “peace established with the Persians,” a reference to a treaty concluded between the Romans and the Sasanians after a Roman defeat in which the previous emperor, Gordian III (238–244 CE), was killed.