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Phare Horizontal Programme on Justice and Home Affairs. (2002). Reinforcement of the Rule of Law: Final Report on the First Part of the Project. Brussels: European Commission.
ssss1.On the positive obligation of the state and professionals to be victimologically trained, see Article 25 of the 2012 EU Directive and Articles 30 and 31 of the Spanish 4/2015 Statute Act on Victim’s Rights.
ssss1.All references can be found in the references section of the different chapters. The complete reference will be given in the chapter for which is mainly used, even if the reference can also be found in other chapters when first quoted.
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The scientific contribution of victimology in Spain: origin, evolution and current research
1. INTRODUCTION TO THE DEFINITION AND EVOLUTION OF VICTIMOLOGY
1.1. WHAT IS VICTIMOLOGY?
Notwithstanding the existence of forensic applied Victimology (Turvey, 2013) mostly related to health or police science, today’s Victimology can be best described as an interdisciplinary social science concerned with the processes of victimisation and de-victimisation or recovery. In that endeavour, Victimology can be normative, with a focus on the values and rationales of the systems behind the construction of the notion of the victim and its responses to it, and/or empirical, that is, based on experience or observation. Beyond today’s disciplinary encapsulation in hard versus soft sciences, Victimology requires an interdisciplinary understanding of values, ideas, experiences and facts. Besides, trascending mystification or demonization, being a victim or stopping being a victim is not only a personal or interpersonal issue but mainly a cultural, ethical, social, political and economic dynamic.