Читать книгу Approaching Victimology as social science for Human rights a Spanish perspective онлайн

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Perhaps, it is easier to understand this labelling and blaming standpoint, if we consider the kind of crimes and interests in the observation carried out by the above-mentioned authors that made them study processes of crime precipitation, facilitation or provocation by victims. Nuances on the guilt or blame of victims were elaborated in victim typologies and, for example, Mendelsohn referred to the completely innocent victim; the victim with minor guilt; the voluntary victim; the guiltier than the offender victim; the mostly guilty victim; and the imaginary victim.

Von Hentig, a German jurist and psychologist who concentrated on common frauds talked about the scammer being scammed. Mendelsohn, a Romanian lawyer defending men who killed their wives, wrote about the science of the victim. In synthesis, two influences can be found in this first positivist Victimology: one is the positivist criminological search for the causes of crime in an empirical way (developing observation on real cases or experimental studies); the other is the influence of psychoanalysis and “psychological literature” of the time (with Franz Werfel, among others) arguing that even the murdered person might eventually be the guilty one (Fattah, 2000).