Читать книгу Small Animal Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy онлайн

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A major milestone toward the goal of higher image definition, using image enhancement technology, was attained with the marketing of HD television (HDTV) camera systems. The ongoing process in this huge consumer technology sector has led to a variety of 3D endoscope systems culminating in the introduction of Ultra HD systems providing the 4K standard (ssss1b) with a horizontal screen display resolution of approximately 4000 pixels as opposed to 1080 with full HD.

Over the last decade, various methods and technologies to enhance contrast, and early detection of mucosal and submucosal lesions, were described and used in clinical practice. These include autofluorescence (AF), conventional chromoendoscopy (CC), and recently enhanced contact endoscopy (ECE). These technologies were developed because white light endoscopic routine evaluation might fail to identify early‐stage lesions in epithelial or subepithelial layers, or to detect accurate margins in macroscopic lesions.

ECE is based on the dynamic fusion of the conventional IEE (image‐enhanced endoscopy) with CE (contact endoscopy) – but without the need for vital staining – and thus combines the advantages of both modalities.