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Indocyanine green dye (ICG) was developed for near‐infrared (NIR) photography by Kodak Research Laboratories in 1955 and introduced for clinical use in 1956. Several clinical applications comprised the use of ICG, such as cirrhotic liver resection.

New successful applications of ICG were very recently published. For example, the use of this dye for assistance during a hepatic metastasectomy allows to identify superficially located colorectal liver metastases and in some patients it was possible to localize small lesions otherwise undetectable by typical procedures.

ICG is recognized to be relatively free of adverse effects when injected into the bloodstream and has been used in veterinary medicine extensively. Once excited with a specific wavelength of light, ICG becomes fluorescent, and this phenomenon can be detected using specific filter scopes and cameras, and then displayed on a screen. Some specific areas with ICG accumulating abilities can be seen, which would not occur with a normal white light endoscopic imaging system. ICG rapidly binds to plasma proteins after its intravascular injection, resulting in minimal leakage to the interstitial compartment.