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Extensive amounts of research have provided comprehensive information on training program design. What follows is a discussion of current evidence‐based information, with comparative aspects to our experience of veterinary training in the VALT laboratory.

Ideally, training initially focuses on basic skills task training before progressing to specific surgical procedure training. Skills training such as the VALS program should be considered only the starting point of MIS training. Currently, our institution train all first‐year residents in a VALS‐like curricula in the VALT lab and test competency before proceeding to primary surgeon's role. The resulting improvement in OR performance is not only often dramatic but also highly individually variable. Preliminary data show that inexperienced surgeons are able to perform the highly complex procedure of suture‐ligated ovariectomy, immediately after the training [37].

In addition to the fundamental psychomotor skills, the complex skills of MIS surgery require an additional variety of training; in lifelike scenarios such as fresh cadavers, live animal models, and apprentice training in surgery. (ssss1) In particular, surgery training programs who lack experienced MIS surgeons on staff, may have problems providing a broad and varied training program to their residents. Also, surgery practitioners wanting to develop MIS skills are limited in options. Currently, industry‐supported commercial short courses, utilizing live models, provide training opportunities for veterinarians. Limited live training opportunities using ovariectomy as a model surgery is also available for ACVS residents. Hopefully the future brings a concerted effort to combine similar efforts into a comprehensive and effective training program for all veterinary surgeons.