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ssss1 The LapSimHaptic system virtual reality trainer is combining high‐technological virtual reality exercises with haptic feedback.

Source: © Surgical Science Inc. Reproduced with permission from Surgical Science Inc.

Because of the high cost of VR training, investigations have tried to determine if VR training can be justified by being more effective than box training. A systematic review through the Cochrane Institute found that VR procedural training shows some advantage over box training in operating time and performance [25]. Similar results were reported in another recent meta‐analysis, showing that VR was associated with higher performance score during MIS, and faster completion of peg transfer task [26]. No differences were, however, demonstrated in any of 6 other outcomes parameters [26]. Some controversy seems to exist: a similar review concluded that VR and box training both are valid teaching models and that both methods are recommended in surgical curricula but with no definitive superiority of VR [27]. Important for veterinary conditions, VR procedural training may not be superior unless it is procedure specific [28], and thus it likely needs to be species specific.