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ssss1 The petals of flower, which shows the required functions in 4G and 5G communication technology.

ssss1 5G technical requirements.

Primary requirements:End‐to‐end latency (mille sec)Peak data rate (mobility, km/h)Traffic volume density (tens of Tbps/km²)Density of base stations (10⁴/km²)Internet of everythingEnergy efficiency Secondary requirements:Security and reliabilityLow cost

In 2014, it was already predicted that around 2020, the 5G technology will be widely available. However, the company, Huawei in China, announced that its 5G technology is ready in 2019, ahead of everyone. It became a critical issue in the trade war between China and United States. The latter has put Huawei on its entity list or ban list. The hardware in 5G consists of satellites, servers, optical fiber lines, base stations, cell phones, and terminal sensors, and the software consists of various mobile internets, such as Android of Google. Huawei is especially good at making base stations.

Data and signals can be transmitted via satellites in sky, but satellites can be shot down easily in the beginning of a war. It can be transmitted via optical fibers underground and across oceans. The making of optical fiber requires the doping of rare‐earth elements, so the strategic importance of rare‐earth elements can be appreciated. Also it can be transmitted via base stations on land surface, so the construction of a large number of base stations is of national security concern. It is worth mentioning that Taiwan has successfully used its network of base stations to detect and control the motion and contact of people with Covid virus.