Читать книгу Electronic Packaging Science and Technology онлайн

23 страница из 38

In the late nineties, dot‐com was developed but soon burst because cell phones were not available. After cell phone becomes popular, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, etc. are now the biggest companies in the world, no more GE, IBM, and Exxon, because of the wide applications of mobile technology.

About the global standard of requirements in 5G technology, see ssss1, the first is point‐to‐point latency of signals, which is only a few milli second. Latency means the total time spent to send out a signal and to receive it back. In a chain of moving cars, if the first car stops suddenly, the second car must stop within the time of latency, otherwise an accident would occur. If we consider a human‐less vehicle, the LiDAR (not radar) on top of the car should be able to detect a sudden appearance of a pedestrian or a car, so that it can stop to avoid an accident.

Moreover, LiDAR and radar are line‐of‐sight techniques. Yet, we need to have a network of vehicle‐to‐everything in order to have non‐line‐of‐sight awareness to know what is behind a stationary or a moving object. Also it should have an ultrafast rate of transport of data in order to show clearly the change of images of the surrounding of a car moving at high speed. Besides, it can download or upload instantly news or weather reports. To download a movie will now take only three seconds in 5G technology. For the success of 5G, it must have a very large number of base stations, so that information can be received and transmitted continuously from place to place. It is no need to explain other standard requirements in ssss1, they should be clear. For example, any device being used under the hood of a car should have a high reliability because of heat. Then, low cost is important for the use of internet of everything in our home and office.