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 – The category of autonomous programs composed of multiple swarms of processes that will run in parallel, that will capture internal and external information, that will confront each other at certain times to exchange information, that will modify themselves, generate others and thus create new processes, to finally produce a global result that will be the most adapted to the situation that has evolved from its initial phase.

The second category is, for example, the state of all Internet users’ programs over a given period of time, when these programs themselves constantly consult and modify highly interactive Web sites. There are no permanent elements in this case and the problem cannot be based on an a priori decomposition into permanent elements.

The difference between the two categories of problems proposed lies in a fundamental point. There are programs in both cases, but in the second case, they will have to be constantly modified, rewritten and evolve, whereas in the first case, the software is used as it was conceived, with its initial capacities well-defined and non-variable during use. The second case must make one think of a certain form of autonomous, very abstract, artificial behavior.