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Hsinchu, December 2020

King‐Ning TuChih ChenHung‐Ming Chen

As we enter the big data era, mobile devices are ubiquitous. On hardware, nearly everyone has a cell phone. On software, internet of things (IOT) reaches everywhere. We have man‐to‐man, man‐to‐machine, and machine‐to‐machine communications. Furthermore, during the Covid‐19 virus pandemic, the trend of distance teaching, distance medicine, home office, and online meeting has increased greatly the need of advanced consumer electronic products, demanding smaller form factor, larger memory, more function, cheaper cost, faster and greater rate of data transmission, and superb reliability. Actually, the advanced 5G communication technology and 3‐dimensional integration of circuits (3D IC) have already begun their impact to our society. No doubt the world around us is changing rapidly. In human history, this is the second time of a fundamental revolution.

In eighteenth century, we had industrial revolution when steam engine was invented. It developed machine power to replace human power and animal power. The activities in civilization were changing from agriculture to industry. We had railroad trains, ocean liners, automobiles, airplanes, and electricity. While industrial production has transformed human society from feudal to democratic, it was accompanied by capitalism, then communism, and then socialism. Indeed, the impact to human society was huge in the last two to three hundred years.