Читать книгу The Politeness/Impoliteness Divide. English-Based Theories and Speech Acts Practice in Moroccan Arabic онлайн

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Politeness and the conversational-maxim view: The conversational maxim is based on Grice’s theory, first postulated in his paper ‘Logic and Conversation’ (Grice 1975). Grice discussed how speakers actually mean more than they say in their conversation, and claimed that conversationalists are rational and equal individuals who are primarily interested in the efficient conveying of messages. To this end, he devised the cooperative principle (CP), which states that individuals should say what they have to say, when they have to say it, and how they want to say it. For Leech (1983) to be polite is essentially an incitement to violate Grice’s (1975) conversational maxims. His politeness principle is based on six maxims, namely, tact, generosity, approbation, modesty, agreement and sympathy. Each of these maxims carries a dual distinction:

1. Tact maxim (in impositives and commissives):

a. Minimise cost to other.

b. Maximise cost to other.

2. Generosity maxim (in impositives and commissives):