Читать книгу The Politeness/Impoliteness Divide. English-Based Theories and Speech Acts Practice in Moroccan Arabic онлайн

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Apparently, MA is identified and defined as the language spoken by all Moroccans, but the geo-linguistic reality is different. Ennaji (1985) and Gravel (1979) stated that MA is composed of five regional dialects, which have common syntax and morphology but with their own distinctive features.

Font: Gordon, Raymond G. (2005).

Starting from the North, we find the Tanji dialect, which is spoken in Tangier. Though it takes its name from Tangier, this dialect is also spoken in Tetouan and Larache. Due to the geographical proximity and the recent history of Spanish colonialism, this dialect is characterized by the integration and use of many Spanish lexical items. Considering the phonological level, Gravel (1979: 91) notes that the Tanji phonological inventory includes a large number of diphthongs. In the north east of Morocco and up to the Morocco-Algerian border, the dialect spoken is Oujdi, namely from Oujda. This dialect is characterized by its similarity to Algerian Arabic rather than to MA as a result of the immediate contact with Algerians and possibly due to the settlement in this area of Algerians who escaped from the war with France in the sixties. In the western and the central parts of Morocco, the dialect spoken is “Casablancais” which is not only found in Casablanca but also in the surrounding rural areas of this city. The most salient feature of this variety is the insertion of the pronoun /tta/ just before any imperative to give more emphasis to the petition (Gravel, 1979: 90). However, this practice is not common among all “Casablancais” but rather among some uneducated people. In the area of Fès and Rabat we find the Fassi and Rbati dialects respectively. These dialects, as is the case with the Tanji dialect, show a phonological alteration as to the pronunciation of the phoneme /g/ which is realized as /q/ or in some other instances as /?/. Another phonological particularity about the Fassi dialect is the realization of /r/ as a velar instead of an apical flapped sound. Turning to the south of Morocco, we find the Marrakshi dialect, as a linguistic variety spoken not only in Marrakesh, but rather in all the neighbouring areas of this city. The Marrakshi dialect is characterized by the realization of /g/ instead of /q/ which we find in Fassi and Tanji dialects and in CA; or /?/ also found in the mentioned dialects as well as in the Egyptian dialect. Another distinctive phonological aspect of the Marrakshi dialect is the dropping of the velar sound /ġ/ exclusively in the word “bgha” , which is pronounced as /ba/.